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1 build
(a) (dwelling) bâtir, construire; (temple) bâtir, édifier; (bridge, machine, ship) construire; (nest) faire, bâtir;∎ houses are being built des maisons sont en construction;∎ we are planning to build a new garage nous avons l'intention de faire construire un nouveau garage;∎ we're building an extension on the house nous agrandissons la maison;∎ figurative to build castles in the air bâtir des châteaux en Espagne;∎ Marketing to build a brand créer une marque∎ to build one's hopes on sth fonder ses espoirs sur qch(a) (construct) bâtir;∎ developers are planning to build on the land les promoteurs envisagent de construire ou bâtir sur le terrain;∎ figurative to build on sand bâtir sur le sable;∎ figurative his success is built on hard work sa réussite repose sur un travail acharné(b) (increase) augmenter, monter;∎ excitement/tension is building l'excitation/la tension augmente ou monte3 nounAnatomy carrure f, charpente f;∎ of strong build solidement bâti ou charpenté;∎ of heavy build de forte corpulence ou taille;∎ of medium build de taille ou corpulence moyenne;∎ a man of slight build un homme fluet;∎ she's about the same build as I am elle est à peu près de ma taille;∎ he has the build of a rugby player il est bâti comme un joueur de rugby(incorporate) intégrer à➲ build onBuilding industry ajouter∎ we need to build on our achievements il faut consolider nos succès➲ build up(a) (develop → business, theory) établir, développer; (→ reputation) établir, bâtir; (→ confidence) donner, redonner; (→ strength) prendre;∎ you need to build up your strength, you need building up vous avez besoin de prendre des forces;∎ he really helped to build up my self-confidence il m'a vraiment aidé à me donner confiance en moi(b) Industry (increase → production) accroître, augmenter; (→ excitement) faire monter, accroître; (→ pressure) accumuler∎ the film wasn't as good as it had been built up to be le film n'était pas aussi bon qu'on le prétendait(a) (business) se développer∎ traffic is building up il commence à y avoir beaucoup de circulation➲ build upon = build on vt insep -
2 build
bild
1. past tense, past participle - built; verb(to form or construct from parts: build a house/railway/bookcase.) construir
2. noun(physical form: a man of heavy build.) constitución, complexión- builder- building
- building society
- built-in
- built-up
- build up
build1 n constitución / complexiónbuild2 vb construir / hacertr[bɪld]1 (car, ship etc) construir; (house, block of flats etc) construir, edificar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto build up one's hopes hacerse ilusiones1) construct: construir, edificar, ensamblar, levantar2) develop: desarrollar, elaborar, forjar3) increase: incrementar, aumentarbuild vito build up : aumentar, intensificarbuild nphysique: físico m, complexión fn.• estructura s.f.• fachada s.f.• tipo s.m.v.(§ p.,p.p.: built) = construir v.• desarrollar v.• edificar v.• erigir v.• fabricar v.• fundar v.• levantar v.• obrar v.
I
1. bɪld(past & past p built) transitive verb \<\<house\>\> construir*, edificar*, hacer*; \<\<bridge/road/ship\>\> construir*; \<\<wall\>\> construir*, levantar, hacer*; \<\<fire/nest\>\> hacer*; \<\<career\>\> forjarse; \<\<empire\>\> levantar, construir*
2.
via) ( erect buildings) edificar*b) ( increase) \<\<tension/pressure\>\> aumentarPhrasal Verbs:- build on- build up
II
noun complexión f[bɪld] (vb: pt, pp built)1.N (=physique) figura f, tipo m2. VT1) [+ house] construir, hacer; [+ ship] construir; [+ nest] hacer; [+ fire] prepararcastle2) (fig) [+ empire, organization] levantar; [+ relationship] establecer; [+ trust, confidence] cimentar; [+ self-confidence] desarrollar; [+ words, sequence] formar3. VI1) (Constr) edificar, construir2) (=increase) [pressure, sound, speed] aumentar; [excitement] crecer- build in- build on- build up* * *
I
1. [bɪld](past & past p built) transitive verb \<\<house\>\> construir*, edificar*, hacer*; \<\<bridge/road/ship\>\> construir*; \<\<wall\>\> construir*, levantar, hacer*; \<\<fire/nest\>\> hacer*; \<\<career\>\> forjarse; \<\<empire\>\> levantar, construir*
2.
via) ( erect buildings) edificar*b) ( increase) \<\<tension/pressure\>\> aumentarPhrasal Verbs:- build on- build up
II
noun complexión f -
3 build
/bild/ * danh từ - sự xây dựng - kiểu kiến trúc - khổ người tầm vóc =man of strong build+ người có tầm vóc khoẻ =to be of the same build+ cùng tầm vóc * (bất qui tắc) động từ built /bilt/ - xây, xây dựng, xây cất; dựng nên, lập nên, làm nên =to build a railway+ xây dựng đường xe lửa =to build a new society+ xây dựng một xã hội mới =birds build nests+ chim làm tổ !to build into - xây gắn vào, gắn vào (tường) !to build on (upon) - dựa vào, tin cậy vào =to build on somebody's promises+ dựa vào lời hứa của ai =I build on you+ tôi tin cậy vào anh !to build up - xây lấp đi, xây bít đi, xây kín đi =those doors were build up+ những cửa ra vào kia bị xây bít lại - xây dựng dần dần nên =to build up a reputation+ xây dựng dần tiếng tăm - tập họp lại, gom lại, tích lại (những cái cần để làm việc gì) !to be build in - có nhà cửa dinh thự bao bọc xung quanh -
4 build
bɪld
1. сущ.
1) внешний вид (качественные характеристики конструкции плавсредства или другого средства транспорта;
реже о зданиях) The awkwardness of their build for fast sailing. ≈ По своей конструкции эти суда едва ли можно было назвать быстроходными. Syn: design, construction
2) телосложение (как у человека, так и у животных) In build the bear was very solid. ≈ Медведь выглядел изрядным крепышом. heavy build ≈ крепкое телосложение slight, slim build ≈ изящное, хрупкое телосложение stocky build ≈ коренастый sturdy build ≈ крепкий, здоровый Syn: frame, figure
2. гл.
1) сооружать, строить The house was built in the early 19th century. ≈ Дом был построен в начале 19 века. Before bricks were invented, people built their houses out of wood. ≈ До изобретения кирпичей люди сооружали свои дома из дерева. build a fire build a nest Syn: construct, erect, fabricate Ant: destroy, devastate
2) встраивать, вмуровывать If the TV was built into the ceiling, you could lie there while watching your favourite programme. ≈ Если бы телевизор был встроен в потолок, вы могли бы лежа смотреть свою любимую программу.
3) вводить( в систему, политику и т. п.), закладывать (в план, программу и т. п.) We have to build computers into the school curriculum. ≈ Мы должны ввести в школьный курс компьютерное обучение.
4) создавать to build plans ≈ строить планы to build (out) of ≈ делать что-л. из какого-л. материала Their purpose is to build a fair society and a strong economy. ≈ Их цель - построить справедливое общество и сильную экономику. Syn: fabricate Ant: destroy, devastate
5) расти, нарастать The military pressure on Croatia continues to build. ≈ Военное давление на Хорватию продолжает нарастать.
6) основываться, полагаться, базироваться, составлять The town's nineteenth-century prosperity was built on steel. ≈ Благосостояние города в 19 веке было основано на производстве стали. ∙ build in build into build on build out build over build up build upon форма, стиль постройки строение, конструкция телосложение - a man of sturde * человек крепкого телосложения - we are of the same * мы одинаково сложены (строительство) вертикальный шов кладки строить, сооружать - to * a railway строить железную дорогу складывать;
разводить - to * a fire развести огонь;
зажечь костер( into) вделывать, встраивать, вмуровывать - a cupboard built into a wall шкаф, встроенный в стену - a memorial plaque built into a wall мемориальная доска, вмурованная в стену строиться - where are you going to *? где вы собираетесь строиться? собирать, монтировать вить( гнезда) создавать - to * plans строить планы - to * vain hopes лелеять напрасные надежды - to * a lofty rhyme (Milton) писать возвышенные стихи - I'm built this way уж я такой( разговорное) делать, шить - to * a coat сделать /сшить/ пальто (on, upon) основывать;
основываться, полагаться - you must * your theory upon facts ваша теория должна основываться на фактах - to * upon a promise полагаться на обещание build вить (гнезда) ~ конструкция;
форма;
стиль ~ текст. образование( початка) ~ основывать ~ основываться, полагаться (on) ;
build in, build into вделывать, вмуровывать (в стену) ~ создавать;
to build plans строить планы ~ создавать ~ (built) строить, сооружать;
to build a fire разводить огонь или костер ~ строить ~ телосложение built: built past & p. р. от build ~ (built) строить, сооружать;
to build a fire разводить огонь или костер ~ основываться, полагаться (on) ;
build in, build into вделывать, вмуровывать (в стену) ~ основываться, полагаться (on) ;
build in, build into вделывать, вмуровывать (в стену) ~ создавать;
to build plans строить планы ~ up воздвигать;
постепенно создавать, строить ~ up закладывать кирпичом (окно, дверь) ~ up застраивать;
to build up a district застроить район;
to build up with new blocks of flats застроить новыми домами ~ up монтировать (машину) ~ up наращивать, накоплять ~ up популяризировать ~ up рекламировать ~ up создавать рекламу ~ up укреплять (здоровье) ~ up широко рекламировать ~ up застраивать;
to build up a district застроить район;
to build up with new blocks of flats застроить новыми домами ~ up застраивать;
to build up a district застроить район;
to build up with new blocks of flats застроить новыми домами ~ upon основывать (на чем-л.) ;
рассчитывать( на что-л.) -
5 build
[bɪld] 1. сущ.1) внешний вид, форма, стильSyn:2) строение, конструкцияSyn:3) телосложениеslight / slim build — изящное, хрупкое телосложение
Syn:2. гл.; прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. built1) сооружать, строить; возводитьThe house was built in the early 19th century. — Дом был построен в начале 19 века.
A district was built up with new blocks of flats. — Район был застроен новыми домами.
Before bricks were invented, people built their houses out of wood. — До изобретения кирпичей люди сооружали свои дома из дерева.
After raising the money, the hospital was able to build out a whole new section. — После сбора средств больница смогла оплатить постройку нового корпуса.
Use more bricks to build the wall up. — Используй больше кирпичей чтобы надстроить эту стену.
He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard. — Он набрал каких-то деревяшек, гвоздей и сделал из этого некое подобие шкафа.
If the TV was built into the ceiling, you could lie there while watching your favourite programme. — Если бы телевизор был встроен в потолок, вы могли бы лёжа смотреть свою любимую программу.
- build a nestThe fields where I played as a child have been built over. — Поля, где я играл ребёнком, теперь застроены домами.
Syn:Ant:2) создаватьto build (out) of — делать (что-л.) из (какого-л.) материала
Their purpose is to build a fair society and a strong economy. — Их цель - построить справедливое общество и сильную экономику.
Syn:Ant:3) = build up расти, нарастать; усиливатьсяThe military pressure on Croatia continues to build. — Военное давление на Хорватию продолжает нарастать.
The clouds are building up. — Тучи собираются.
Enemy forces have now built up to a dangerous strength. — Враг скопил поистине устрашающие силы.
Our hopes for peace are building up. — Наши надежды на мир, кажется, начинают реализовываться.
You must build up your strength after your illness. — Тебе нужно восстанавливать силы после болезни.
Syn:4) вводить (в систему, политику)We have to build computers into the school curriculum. — Мы должны ввести в школьный курс компьютерное обучение.
5) ( build in(to)) сделать составной частью (чего-л.), включать в себяThe difficulties seem to be built in. — Кажется, заниматься этим делом и иметь массу проблем - одно и то же.
The rate of pay was built into her contract. — В её контракте было вписано её жалование.
6) ( build on) основывать, базироватьrelationships built on trust — отношения, основанные на доверии
The town's nineteenth-century prosperity was built on steel. — Благосостояние города в 19 веке было основано на производстве стали.
Don't build your hopes on the chairman's promises. — Не стоит надеяться, что председатель выполнит свои обещания.
The insurance business is built on trust. — Страховочный бизнес основан на доверии.
Syn:7) ( build (up)on) рассчитывать на (что-л. / кого-л.), полагаться на (что-л. / кого-л.)I'd like to come with you but that's not a promise, don't build on it. — Я бы хотел пойти с тобой, но я не обещаю, не строй особо планов.
Syn:•- build up -
6 build a loan portfolio
Банковское дело: формировать кредитный портфель (англ. цитата - из статьи: Use Variety to Build a Strong Loan Portfolio // Hoosier Banker Magazine. - 2007. - January 1 (the U.S. State of Indiana).)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > build a loan portfolio
-
7 built
/bild/ * danh từ - sự xây dựng - kiểu kiến trúc - khổ người tầm vóc =man of strong build+ người có tầm vóc khoẻ =to be of the same build+ cùng tầm vóc * (bất qui tắc) động từ built /bilt/ - xây, xây dựng, xây cất; dựng nên, lập nên, làm nên =to build a railway+ xây dựng đường xe lửa =to build a new society+ xây dựng một xã hội mới =birds build nests+ chim làm tổ !to build into - xây gắn vào, gắn vào (tường) !to build on (upon) - dựa vào, tin cậy vào =to build on somebody's promises+ dựa vào lời hứa của ai =I build on you+ tôi tin cậy vào anh !to build up - xây lấp đi, xây bít đi, xây kín đi =those doors were build up+ những cửa ra vào kia bị xây bít lại - xây dựng dần dần nên =to build up a reputation+ xây dựng dần tiếng tăm - tập họp lại, gom lại, tích lại (những cái cần để làm việc gì) !to be build in - có nhà cửa dinh thự bao bọc xung quanh -
8 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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9 крепкий
прил. strong;
firm, solid, sound;
robust, sturdy;
hard;
(о женщине) buxom крепок на ухо ≈ hard of hearing крепкое здоровье ≈ sound/robust health крепкие напитки ≈ spirits, ardent drink, potent drink, stiff drink, strong drink крепкий организм ≈ vigorous/sturdy/strong constitution крепкий сон ≈ sound sleep крепкий чай ≈ strong tea крепкое словцо ≈ strong language крепкого сложения ≈ of strong/square/sturdy build, sturdily-build - крепкий морозкрепк|ий -
1. strong;
(твёрдый) tough, hard;
~ орех tough nut;
~ая верёвка strong/stout rope;
2. (неизношенный) sound;
~ие сапоги sound boots;
3. (здоровый, выносливый) hardy, strong;
~ организм strong constitution;
4. (стойкий, непоколебимый) firm;
5. (надёжный) reliable;
(неизменный, глубокий) lasting, enduring;
~ая любовь enduring love;
6. (насыщенный) ~ чай strong tea;
~ табак strong tobacco;
~ сон sound sleep;
~ое словцо swear-word, strong language. -
10 strength
see strongstrength n fuerzatr[streŋɵ]1 (of person - physical) fuerza, fuerzas nombre femenino plural, fortaleza; (- stamina) resistencia, aguante nombre masculino2 (intellectual, spiritual) fortaleza, entereza, firmeza3 (of machine, object) resistencia; (of wind, current) fuerza; (of light, sound, magnet, lens) potencia4 (of solution) concentración nombre femenino; (of drug) potencia; (of alcohol) graduación nombre femenino6 (of argument, evidence, story) fuerza, validez nombre femenino, credibilidad nombre femenino; (of emotion, conviction, colour) intensidad nombre femenino; (of protest) energía7 (strong point) punto fuerte, virtud nombre femenino; (ability, capability) capacidad nombre femenino; (advantage) ventaja■ her strength as a teacher lies in her patience su capacidad como profesora estriba en su paciencia8 (power, influence) poder nombre masculino, potencia9 (force in numbers) fuerza numérica, número\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin great strength en gran númeroto be on the strength (be a member) formar parte del personalto do something on the strength of something hacer algo basándose en algoto be at full strength estar con la plantilla completato be under strength estar corto,-a de personalto go from strength to strength ir ganando fuerzas, marchar viento en popastrength ['strɛŋkɵ] n1) power: fuerza f2) solidity, toughness: solidez f, resistencia f, dureza f3) intensity: intensidad f (de emociones, etc.), lo fuerte (de un sabor, etc.)4) : punto m fuertestrengths and weaknesses: virtudes y defectos5) number: número m, complemento min full strength: en gran númeron.• aguante s.m.• facultad s.m.• fibra s.f.• fortaleza s.f.• fuerza s.f.• intensidad s.f.• rejo s.m.• resistencia s.f.streŋθ1) u ( of persons)a) ( physical energy) fuerza(s) f(pl); ( health) fortaleza f físicab) (emotional, mental) fortaleza f; ( in adversity) fortaleza f, entereza fstrength of will — fuerza f de voluntad
strength of character — firmeza f or fortaleza f de carácter
strength of purpose — resolución f, determinación f
give me strength! — (colloq) Dios me dé paciencia!
2) u (of economy, currency) solidez fpolitical/military strength — poderío m político/militar
3) ua) ( of materials) resistencia f; (of wind, current) fuerza f; (of drug, solution) concentración f; ( of alcoholic drink) graduación fhalf-strength — diluido al 50%
b) (of sound, light) potencia f; ( of emotions) intensidad fc) (of argument, evidence) lo convincente; ( of protests) lo enérgicowe employed her on the strength of his recommendation — la contratamos basándonos en su recomendación
on the strength of that performance she was offered a part — en virtud de esa actuación le ofrecieron un papel
4) c ( strong point) virtud f, punto m fuertefrom strength to strength: the firm has gone from strength to strength since she took over la empresa ha tenido un éxito tras otro desde que ella está al frente; his career seems to be going from strength to strength — su carrera marcha viento en popa
5) u c ( force in numbers) número mwe're below o under strength at the moment — en este momento estamos cortos de personal
[streŋθ]Nshe swims to build up the strength in her muscles — nada para fortalecer los músculos or coger fuerza en los músculos
you'll soon get your strength back — pronto recobrarás las fuerzas or te repondrás
•
to save one's strength — ahorrar las energías•
with all my strength — con todas mis fuerzashis help gives me the strength to carry on — su ayuda me da fortaleza or fuerzas para seguir adelante
•
to draw strength from sth — sacar fuerzas de algo•
the independence movement is gathering strength — el movimiento independiente está cobrando fuerza•
give me strength! * — ¡Dios dame paciencia! *gather, tower•
inner strength — fuerza interior3) (=sturdiness) [of material, structure, frame] resistencia f4) (=power) [of argument] lo convincente, solidez f ; [of claim, case, evidence] peso m ; [of protests] lo enérgico; [of magnet, lens, drug] potencia f ; [of wind] fuerza f ; [of alcohol] graduación f•
on the strength of that success she applied for promotion — en base a ese éxito, solicitó un ascensohe was recruited on the strength of his communication skills — lo contrataron en virtud de or debido a su aptitud para comunicarse
5) (=intensity) [of emotion] intensidad f, fuerza f ; [of sound] potencia f ; [of colour] intensidad fhe warned the government not to underestimate the strength of feeling among voters — advirtió al gobierno que no subestimara la intensidad or fuerza de los sentimientos de los votantes
6) [of currency] (=value) valor m ; (=high value) solidez f, fuerza four decision will depend on the strength of the pound — nuestra decisión dependerá del valor de la libra
exports fell owing to the strength of the pound — las exportaciones bajaron debido a la solidez or la fuerza de la libra
7) (=good point, asset) punto m fuerteto go from strength to strength —
his movie career is going from strength to strength — su carrera cinematográfica marcha viento en popa
he has promised to increase the strength of the police force — ha prometido incrementar los efectivos de la policía
•
to be at full strength — [army] disponer de todos sus efectivos; (Sport) [team] contar con todos sus jugadores; [office] contar con todo el personal•
his supporters were there in strength or had come in strength — sus partidarios habían acudido en masa•
to be on the strength — (gen) formar parte de la plantilla; (Mil) formar parte del regimientoto take sb on to the strength — admitir a algn en la plantilla; (Mil) admitir a algn en el regimiento
•
to be under or below strength, the team was under or below strength due to injuries — el equipo contaba con pocos jugadores debido a las lesionestwo people are off sick so we're a bit under or below strength — dos de los empleados se encuentran enfermos y estamos un poco cortos de personal
his army was seriously under or below strength — su ejército contaba con poquísimos efectivos
* * *[streŋθ]1) u ( of persons)a) ( physical energy) fuerza(s) f(pl); ( health) fortaleza f físicab) (emotional, mental) fortaleza f; ( in adversity) fortaleza f, entereza fstrength of will — fuerza f de voluntad
strength of character — firmeza f or fortaleza f de carácter
strength of purpose — resolución f, determinación f
give me strength! — (colloq) Dios me dé paciencia!
2) u (of economy, currency) solidez fpolitical/military strength — poderío m político/militar
3) ua) ( of materials) resistencia f; (of wind, current) fuerza f; (of drug, solution) concentración f; ( of alcoholic drink) graduación fhalf-strength — diluido al 50%
b) (of sound, light) potencia f; ( of emotions) intensidad fc) (of argument, evidence) lo convincente; ( of protests) lo enérgicowe employed her on the strength of his recommendation — la contratamos basándonos en su recomendación
on the strength of that performance she was offered a part — en virtud de esa actuación le ofrecieron un papel
4) c ( strong point) virtud f, punto m fuertefrom strength to strength: the firm has gone from strength to strength since she took over la empresa ha tenido un éxito tras otro desde que ella está al frente; his career seems to be going from strength to strength — su carrera marcha viento en popa
5) u c ( force in numbers) número mwe're below o under strength at the moment — en este momento estamos cortos de personal
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11 muscular
['mʌskjʊlə(r)]1) anat. [disease, tissue] muscolare2) (strong) [person, limbs] muscoloso* * *1) (of, or relating to, muscle(s): great muscular strength.) muscolare2) (having well-developed muscles; strong: She is tall and muscular.) muscoloso* * *muscular /ˈmʌskjʊlə(r)/a.2 muscoloso; nerboruto● (stor.) muscular Christianity, cristianesimo vigoroso ( basato sulle opere)muscularityn. [u]muscolosità; robustezza.* * *['mʌskjʊlə(r)]1) anat. [disease, tissue] muscolare2) (strong) [person, limbs] muscoloso -
12 pitch
̈ɪpɪtʃ I
1. сущ. смола;
вар;
деготь;
пек Syn: resin, tar
2. гл. смолить Syn: tar, resin II
1. сущ.
1) а) высота( тона, звука и т. п.) The noise rose to a deafening pitch. ≈ Шум сделался оглушительным. absolute pitch б) напряжение, степень, уровень
2) а) уклон, скат, наклон, покатость, угол наклона;
падение б) килевая качка( судна) в) наклон самолета относительно поперечной оси г) геол. падение (пласта) д) тех. шаг( резьбы, зубчатого зацепления, воздушного винта) ;
модуль;
питч
3) а) бросок;
спорт подача б) спорт часть крикетного поля между линиями подающих в) место (где обычно торгует уличный торговец и т. п.)
4) партия товара
2. гл.
1) а) муз. давать основной тон;
придавать определенную высоту Ask the singers to pitch the song up a little. ≈ Попросите певцов взять немного повыше. б) тех. зацеплять( о зубцах)
2) а) разбивать палатку, лагерь, вставать лагерем, ставить лагерь б) ставить (крикетные воротца и т. п.) в) мостить брусчаткой
3) а) падать A shot rang out;
the man pitched forward and fell dead. ≈ Раздался выстрел;
человек упал мертвым, как шел. б) подвергаться килевой качке (о корабле)
4) бросать, кидать;
спорт бросать, подавать, посылать мяч Please pitch your waste paper in here. ≈ Помои выливать здесь. Syn: throw
5) разг. травить байки, рассказывать басни ∙ pitch in pitch into pitch on pitch upon pitch out смола;
вар;
деготь;
пек битум - a vessel coated with * просмоленное судно > black /dark/ as * черный как смоль > as dark as * тьма кромешная > to touch * иметь дело с сомнительным субъектом /с темной личностью/ > he who touches * shall be defiled грязью играть - руки марать смолить бросок - it was a fine * это был отличный бросок подача, бросок (гольф, крикет, бейсбол) бросаемый, подаваемый предмет( особ. мяч) место удара мяча о землю питч-аут, переброс мяча подающим (бейсбол) поперечный пас одного защитника другому за линией схватки( амер. футбол) количество брошенного за один раз, охапка, полная лопата и т. п. - the * of hay on the prong навильник, количество сена, которое можно подцепить вилами партия товара, выброшенного на рынок - * of hops партия хмеля (морское) килевая качка - roll and * of a vessel боковая и килевая качка судна - the ship gave a * корабль зарылся носом - at every * waves rolled over the deck каждый раз, когда корабль зарывался носом6 волны перекатывались через палубу высота (тона, звука) - relative * относительная высота( звука) - absolute * абсолютная высота тона;
абсолютный слух - the * of a voice высота /тембр/ голоса - to rise in * брать /взять/ выше - to go off * фальшивить - to give the orchestra the * дать ноту оркестру (стандартная) частота камертона - to raise the * of the piano by a quarter tone настроить фортепьяно на четверть тона выше уровень;
степень;
сила;
интенсивность;
напряжение - the * of light сила /интенсивность/ света - the highest * of excellence высшая степень совершенства - at shouting * срываясь на крик - to fall to a low * упасть, опуститься, понизиться - the noise rose to a deafening * шум сделался оглушительным - excitement rose to the utmost * волнение достигло предела - the poor man haas reached the lowest * of bad fortune несчастью /неудачи/ совсем доконали беднягу - happy to the * of ecstasy( совсем) обезумевший от счастья - the writer rose to the highest * of greatness этот писатель достиг самой вершины славы /стал одним из самых выдающихся/ верх;
вершина;
высота - the * of perfection верх совершенства - the * of merriment разгар веселья - at the * of one's voice во весь голос что есть мочи - to enjoy the * of success наслаждаться всеми плодами успеха высота, с которой ястреб и т. п. бросается на свою жертву постоянное место (уличного торговца, нищего, продавца газет и т. п.) ;
обычное место выступления (уличного оратора, артиста и т. п.) - a high * (американизм) (сленг) торговля с автомобиля, повозки, лотка - a low * (американизм) (сленг) торговля, при которой товары разложены на земле( тротуаре, мостовой) - when he arrived at the market the best *es were gone когда он прибыл на рынок, лучшие места уже были заняты - two *es were made in the town for members of Parliament to speak в городе были устроены две трибуны для выступления членов парламента (американизм) (разговорное) уличный торговец, коммивояжер( особ. продающий разные новинки) (американизм) (разговорное) человек, рекламирующий, проталкивающий что-л. (особ. по телевидению) (спортивное) часть крикетного поля между линиями подающих, отбивающего и боулера (спортивное) поле, площадка - football * футбольное поле - hockey * хоккейная площадка уклон, скат, наклон;
покатость;
угол наклона - to build on the * of a hill строить на склоне холма - houses with roofs of steep * дома с островерхими крышами (специальное) тангаж - * angle угол тангажа;
питч-угол короткий и очень крутой участок восхождения (альпинизм) (геология) падение (пласта) - across the * вкрест падения (по простиранию) (техническое) шаг (заклепочного шва, винтовой резьбы или линии обмотки и т. п.) ;
модуль, питч (американизм) (разговорное) шутки, прибаутки (уличного торговца) болтовня - to have a * поговорить, поболтать похвала;
речь в защиту( чего-л.) ;
восхваление рекламирование;
расхваливание на все лады( товара продавцом) - to make a * for smth. нахваливать, расхваливать что-л.;
набивать цену - to make a strong sales * отлично /убедительно/ обрисовать достоинства продаваемого /предлагаемого/ товара рекламное объявление, реклама (по радио, телевидению) - the length of *es продолжительность рекламных объявлений /вставок/ (американизм) (разговорное) довод;
предложение - to make a * сделать деловое предложение (особ. при продаже) план действий;
линия;
подход - to tackle a problem again using a new * подойти к решению проблемы по-новому, применить новый подход к решению проблемы (американизм) (разговорное) намерение, цель, задача - I think I get the * мне кажется, я понимаю, в чем задача - what's the *? в чем дело? привал;
стоянка;
лагерь;
бивуак - midday * дневной привал - having made their * the Gypsies began to cook dinner разбив свои шатры, цыгане принялись готовить обед выбор места для лагеря, стоянки, привала (американизм) (сленг) кадреж (американизм) (сленг) положение дел;
расклад карточная игра объявление козыря (карты) > to fly a * высоко подняться > to fly at a higher * than smb. превзойти кого-л. > he flies a * above common mischief это уже не обычные проказы /не просто шалости/ > to queer smb.'s /the/ * разрушать( чьи-л.) планы;
разбить( чьи-л.) надежды;
подложить кому-л. свинью > to water the * подготавливать почву врывать, вбивать в землю;
сооружать, устанавливать;
ставить (крикетные воротца) - to * a tent разбить палатку - to * camp разбивать лагерь располагаться( лагерем) ;
быть расположенным - a village *ed on a hill деревня, расположенная на холме - they *ed by a mountain stream они расположились /разбили палатки/ у горного ручья (редкое) ставить - to * a ladder against a wall приставить лестницу к стене (редкое) усесться, расположиться;
обосноваться;
поселиться;
осесть где-л. бросать, кидать, швырять;
подбрасывать - to * a stone into a lake бросить камень в озеро - to * hay бросать вилами сено - to * sides( спортивное) выбивать ворота( спортивное) бросать, подавать, посылать мяч (гольф, крикет, бейсбол) - he nearly always *es too far он всегда бьет /бросает/ слишком далеко - he *ed a good game он хорошо подавал в этой игре закручивать, гнать мяч (гольф) подавать мяч игроку с битой (бейсбол) играть за или вместо подающего (бейсбол) выставлять на продажу - a large consignment of goods was *ed yesterday вчера была выставлена на продажу большая партия товара (американизм) (разговорное) продавать( что-л.), торговать( чем-л.) ;
продавать с лотка (на улице) - he *es kitchen gadgets and household items он продает всякие кухонные и хозяйственные приспособления( морское) испытывать килевую качку - our boat *ed heavily нашу лодку бросало то вверх, то вниз падать;
ударяться - to * on one's head упасть /удариться/ головой - the ball *ed on a stone мяч ударился о камень зарываться;
погружаться - the skier lost his balance and *ed into a snowdrift лыжник потерял равновесие и влетел /зарылся головой/ в сугроб( upon) выбрать, остановиться на ком-л., чем-л. - he *ed upon the wrong man он выбрал не того /не подходящего/ человека (upon) случайно наткнуться на кого-л., что-л. (into) (разговорное) набрасываться, нападать на кого-л. - * into him! задайте ему хорошенько! - he apologized for pitching into me yesterday он извинился, что вчера так резко выступил против меня( into) (разговорное) наброситься, энергично приняться за что-л. - you sit down and * into those sandwiches а вы садитесь и расправляйтесь с этими бутербродами задавать тон, настраивать на какой-л. лад;
придавать определенную окраску;
преподносить, подавать определенным образом - to * a story in a sentimental strain подать историю несколько сентиментально - the conversation was *ed in a minor key разговор получался /выходил/ невеселый( музыкальное) иметь, задавать или придавать определенную высоту, тон;
настраивать;
давать основной тон - to * a tune higher повысить голос - to * one's voice correctly петь в тон - you * the tune too low вы взяли слишком низко устанавливать на определенном уровне, намечать;
оценивать - to * an estimate too low дать слишком низкую оценку;
занизить что-л. - to * one's aspirations too high иметь /строить/ слишком честолюбивые планы - she was *ing her hopes too high у нее были слишком /чересчур/ большие надежды иметь наклон, уклон;
(резко) понижаться( редкое) стравливать( кого-л. с кем-л.) ;
противопоставлять( кого-л. кому-л.) (американизм) (разговорное) рассказывать басни, преувеличивать, "привирать" (разговорное) прикорнуть, подремать( карточное) объявлять козырь;
заходить с козыря мостить брусчаткой обтесывать камень сооружать каменное основание облицовывать( камнем) (техническое) зацеплять (о зубцах) ;
соединять (театроведение) (профессионализм) отправиться на гастроли или в поездку (американизм) (разговорное) устроить вечеринку (американизм) (разговорное) расхваливать, навязывать что-л. (американизм) (разговорное) ухаживать, кадриться > to * one's tent обосноваться где-л. > to * smb. over the bar (сленг) лишить кого-л. звания адвоката > to be *ed off one's horse быть выбитым из седла;
быть поставленным в тупик > to * a tale /a yarn/, to * a /the/ fork рассказывать басни, привирать, заливать > to * it (too, a bit, rather) strong заходить слишком далеко, перегибать палку;
рассказывать небылицы, "загибать", "свистеть";
действовать решительно > you'll have to * it strong at the meeting вам нужно будет как следует выступить на собрании > to * a /the/ woo ухаживать;
ласкать;
обнимать;
крутить роман absolute ~ абсолютная высота тона absolute ~ абсолютный слух;
the noise rose to a deafening pitch шум сделался оглушительным ~ разг. рассказывать (басни) ;
to pitch it strong преувеличивать;
the description is pitched too high описание преувеличено feed ~ интервал строк Jew's ~ мин. пек, разновидность битума absolute ~ абсолютный слух;
the noise rose to a deafening pitch шум сделался оглушительным pitch бросать;
кидать ~ бросок ~ высота (тона, звука и т. п.) ~ выставлять на продажу ~ муз. давать основной тон ~ тех. зацеплять (о зубцах) ;
pitch in разг. энергично браться( за что-л.), налегать( на что-л.) ;
pitch into разг. набрасываться;
нападать ~ мостить брусчаткой ~ наклон самолета относительно поперечной оси ~ обычное место (уличного торговца и т. п.) ~ падать (on, into) ;
погружаться ~ геол. падение (пласта) ~ падение;
килевая качка (судна) ;
the ship gave a pitch корабль зарылся носом ~ партия товара ~ спорт. подавать ~ спорт. подача ~ подвергаться килевой качке (о корабле) ~ придавать определенную высоту ~ разбивать (палатки, лагерь) ;
располагаться лагерем ~ разг. рассказывать (басни) ;
to pitch it strong преувеличивать;
the description is pitched too high описание преувеличено ~ смола;
вар;
деготь;
пек;
pitch dark( ness) тьма кромешная ~ смолить ~ ставить (крикетные воротца и т. п.) ~ степень, уровень, напряжение ~ уклон, скат, наклон, покатость, угол наклона ~ спорт. часть крикетного поля между линиями подающих ~ тех. шаг (резьбы, зубчатого зацепления, воздушного винта) ;
модуль;
питч ~ смола;
вар;
деготь;
пек;
pitch dark(ness) тьма кромешная ~ тех. зацеплять (о зубцах) ;
pitch in разг. энергично браться (за что-л.), налегать (на что-л.) ;
pitch into разг. набрасываться;
нападать ~ тех. зацеплять (о зубцах) ;
pitch in разг. энергично браться (за что-л.), налегать (на что-л.) ;
pitch into разг. набрасываться;
нападать ~ разг. рассказывать (басни) ;
to pitch it strong преувеличивать;
the description is pitched too high описание преувеличено to ~ one's tent поселиться (где-л.) to ~ one's tent разбить палатку ~ upon выбрать, остановиться (на чем-л.) ~ upon случайно наткнуться (на что-л.) sales ~ партия товара, выброшенного на рынок ~ падение;
килевая качка (судна) ;
the ship gave a pitch корабль зарылся носом -
13 характер
муж.
1) disposition, temper, character, nature, personality иметь твердый/сильный характер ≈ to have a strong character проявлять/показывать характер ≈ to show some muscle to smb. дурной характер ≈ bad temper угрюмый характер ≈ sullen disposition тяжелый характер ≈ difficult nature легкий характер ≈ easy/sweet temper сильный характер ≈ strong character прямота характера ≈ straightforwardness формировать характер ≈ to mould the character, to build up the character человек с характером ≈ strong-willed person
2) nature (свойство) характер почвы характер местности ∙ выдержать характер ≈ to be/stand firm, to be steadfast не выдерживать характера перен. ≈ to give way это не в вашем характере ≈ that isn't your way/nature, that's not like you они не сошлись характерами ≈ they could not get on (together)м.
1. nature, disposition, character;
мягкий ~ gentle disposition/nature/character;
тяжёлый ~ difficult/disagreeable nature/disposition;
дурной, плохой ~ bad* temper;
сильные ~ы strong natures;
не в его ~е not like him;
уж такой у него ~! that`s the sort of person he is!;
2. (твёрдая, сильная воля) character, will;
человек с ~ом strong-willed person;
3. (свойства предметов, явлений и т. п.) nature, character;
~ местности nature/character of the locality;
4. лит., иск. character;
они не сошлись ~ами they could not get on (together).Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > характер
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14 sturdy
'stə:di1) (strong and healthy: He is small but sturdy.) vigoroso; robusto, fuerte2) (firm and well-made: sturdy furniture.) robusto; resistente•- sturdily- sturdiness
sturdy adj fuerte / robusto / sólidotr['stɜːdɪ]2 (opposition, resistence, defence) enérgico,-a, férreo,-a, tenaz, inquebrantableadj.• fornido, -a adj.• fuerte adj.• rollizo, -a adj.• tenaz adj.• vigoroso, -a adj.'stɜːrdi, 'stɜːdiadjective -dier, -diesta) <build/legs/figure> robusto, macizo; <furniture/bicycle> sólido y resistenteb) <resistance/opposition> férreo, tenaz['stɜːdɪ]ADJ (compar sturdier) (superl sturdiest)1) [person, tree] robusto, fuerte; [boat, material] fuerte; [table, furniture] sólido2) (fig) [supporter, refusal] enérgico, firme; [resistance] tenazsturdy independence — espíritu m fuerte de independencia
* * *['stɜːrdi, 'stɜːdi]adjective -dier, -diesta) <build/legs/figure> robusto, macizo; <furniture/bicycle> sólido y resistenteb) <resistance/opposition> férreo, tenaz -
15 floor beam
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16 market
1. сущ.1) эк. рынок; базар (специальное место, где осуществляется торговля)COMBS:
It is cheaper to buy vegetables from the market than from a shop. — Овощи дешевле покупать на рынке, чем в магазине.
Syn:marketplace 1), bazaar 1)See:2) эк. рынок (совокупность продавцов и покупателей какого-л. товара)to place [to put\] goods on the market, to bring goods to market — предлагать товар к продаже
In 1930 the first home laundry machine and refrigerator were put on the market. — В 1930 г. на рынке появилась первая бытовая стиральная машина и холодильник.
ATTRIBUTES [structure\]: actual 1. 1), auction 1. 1), call 1. 1), n6б, captive 1. 1), n4, classical 1. 3), concentrated 1. 1) а), continuous 1. 1) а), first 2. 3) а), forward 1. 1), n4, fourth, imperfect 1. 1), б, inside 2. 1) а), intermediate 2. 2) а), inverted 1. 3), monopolistic, oligopolistic, one-sided 1. 3), one-way 2. 4) а), open outcry, outcry, over-the-counter 2. 1) а), over-the-telephone, parallel 2. 1) а), perfect 1. 1), n2б, pitching, physical 2. 1) а), public 1. 1), n4, pure 1. 1) а), retail 2. 1) а), screen-based, second 1. 1), n2, sideways 2. 6) а), spot 2. 1) а), third 2. 3) а), wholesale 2. 1) а)
ATTRIBUTES [legality\]: administered 1), bear 1. 2), black 1. 3) а), blocked 1. 2) а), controlled, democratic 1), formal 1. 1) а), free 1. 1) а), informal 1), б, illicit, kerb, organized 1), в, overt 1. 2) а), regulated, rigged 1. 2) а)
See:CHILD [product\]: product market, financial market, services market, political market, pollution permit market, related markets CHILD [structure\]: actual market 2), 3), aftermarket 1), auction market, call market, carrying market, cash market, 1), 1), continuous market, double auction market, double-auction market, first market, forward market, fourth market, imperfect market, inside market 2), inter-dealer market, intermediate market, inverted market, monopolistic market, non-exchange market, off-board market, oligopolistic market, one-sided market, one-way market, open outcry market, OTC market, outcry market, 2), over-the-counter market, over-the-counter securities market, over-the-telephone market, parallel market, perfect market, physical market, public market 2), pure market, retail market, screen-based market, second market, spot market, street market 1), third market, upstairs market 2), wholesale market CHILD [legality\]: administered market, bear market 2), black market 1) а), blocked market, closed market, controlled market, formal market, free market, free and open market, informal market, grey market 1) а), illicit market, kerb market, organized market, price-making market, regulated market 1) а), rigged market, self-regulated market, access to market, market access, market disruption, inside market 1), 1), market-determined price3)а) эк. спрос; объем спроса, размер рынка (наличие желающих купить товар; часто используется как характеристика определенной территории)COMBS:
The European market for this product is estimated at $10 billions during next 5 years. — По оценкам, объем европейского рынка этого продукта будет равен 10 млрд долл. в течение ближайших пяти лет.
ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), assured 1. 2), brisk 1. 1), business 1. 4) а), commercial 1. 1), consumer 1. 1), consumers, customer 1. 1), dealer 1. 1), б, enterprise 1. 2) а), government 1. 7) а), heavy user, industrial 1. 1), а, institutional 1. 1), а, manufacturing 2. 1) а), organizational, personal 1. 2) а), potential, producer 1. 1), professional 1. 1), promising, ready 1. 1), reseller, trade 1. 2), world 2. 1) а)
See:actual market 1), assured market, brisk market, business market, commercial market, consumer market, consumers market, consumers' market, customer market, dealer market, enterprise market, government market, heavy-user market, industrial market, institutional market, large-volume market, manufacturing market, organizational market, personal market 1), potential market 1) б), producer market, professional market, promising market, ready market, reseller market, trade market, world market 2) б)б) эк. потребителиATTRIBUTES: brand-loyal, control 3. 1), conventional 3. 2), core 2. 2), exploratory, intended, main 1. 1), mass 3. 1), personal 3. 2), potential, primary 2. 2), n2, principal 2. 2), n1, prospective, target 3. 1), test 3. 1), traditional
Syn:See:brand-loyal market, control market, conventional market, core market, exploratory market, intended market, main market 2), personal market 2), potential market 2) а), primary market 2), principal market 1) а), prospective market, target market, test market, traditional market, market acceptance, market attritionв) марк. рынок сбыта ( географический район)ATTRIBUTES: colonial, domestic 2) а), export 3. 2) а), external 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) а), global 1. 1) а), home 2. 2) а), internal 1. 2) а), international 1. 1) а), dispersed, distant 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), nation-wide, nationwide, overseas 1. 2) а), regional, scattered 1. 1) а), world 2. 1) а), world-wide
Syn:See:colonial market, domestic market 1), export market, external market 1), foreign market 1), global market, home market, internal market 1), 2), international market, dispersed market, distant market, local market, national market, nation-wide market, overseas market, regional market, scattered market, world market 1), worldwide market, new-to-market, old-to-marketг) марк. = market segmentATTRIBUTES:
ATTRIBUTES: concentrated 1) а), craft 1. 1) а), demographic, downscale 1. 2) а), heterogeneous, homogeneous, high-income, low-end, metro, metropolitan, middle-aged, middle-class, mid-range, military, rural, specialized, specialty, silver 2. 3) а), upscale 1. 2) а), youth 2. 4) а)
See:black market 2), 2), craft market, demographic market, downmarket, down-market, downscale market, heterogeneous market, homogeneous market, high-income market, low-end market, lower end of the market, middle-aged market, middle-class market, mid-range market, military market 2) б), specialized market, specialty market, silver market 1) б), upscale market, youth market4) эк. конъюнктура, уровень цен, состояние рынка (состояние рынка в значении 2, с точки зрения активности продавцов и покупателей и соответствующей динамики изменения цен)ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 3), advancing, bid 1. 3), bear 1. 2), barren 1. 3), broad 1. 1), bull 1. 2), close II 2. 3) в), competitive II 2. 2) а), complete 1. 2), confident II 2. 1) а), congested, contango, contestable, crossed II 2. 2) а), crowded II 2. 1) а), а, dead 1. 2), declining, deep II 2. 2) а), depressed II 2. 2) а), б, differentiated, dull II 2. 1) а), efficient II 2. 1) а), б, emerging, established II 2. 1) а), expanding, falling, fast II 1. 2) а), fertile II 2. 1) а), firm I 1. 1) а), flat I 2. 4) а), graveyard, growing 1. 1), growth II 2. 1) а), heavy II 2. 1) а), inactive II 2. 2) а), increasing, jumpy II 2. 1) а), б, languid II 2. 2) а), limited II 2. 1) а), liquid I 2. 6) а), locked II 2. 2) а), lucrative, mature 1. 2), narrow 1. 1), nervous I 2. 5) б), normal I 1. 5) б), offered, overstocked II 2. 1) а), а, pegged I 1. 3) б), present I 2. 2) б), price-sensitive, productive I 1. 3) б), profitable II 2. 1) а), protected, recession-hit, restricted II 2. 1) а), restrictive II 2. 1) а), rising, sagging I 2. 2) б), saturated I 1. 3) б), seller II 2. 1) а), а, selective I 2. 5) б), sensitive I 2. 4) б), short 1. 1), shrinking, slack I 2. 2) б), sluggish II 2. 2) а), soft I 2. 4) б), sold-out, stable I 2. 1) б), stagnant II 2. 1) а), static I 2. 2) б), steady 1. 1), stiff 1. 1), б, strong II 2. 2) а), technically strong, technically weak, tight I 2. 4) б), wide II 2. 1) а)
See:active market, advancing market, bid market, bear market 1), Big Emerging Markets, broad market, bull market, buyers' market, close market, competitive market, complete market, contango market, contestable market, crossed market, crowded market, dead market, declining market, deep market, depressed market, differentiated market, dull market, efficient market, emerging market, established market, expanding market, fast market, fertile market, firm market, flat market, growing market, inactive market, jumpy market, languid market, lemons market, limited market, liquid market, locked market, lucrative market, market of lemons, mature market, narrow market, normal market, offered market, overstocked market, pegged market, present market, price-sensitive market, productive market, profitable market, protected market, recession-hit market, restricted market, restrictive market, rising market, sagging market, saturated market, sellers market, seller's market, sellers' market, selective market, sensitive market, short market, shrinking market, slack market, sluggish market, soft market, sold-out market, stable market, stagnant market, static market, steady market, stiff market, strong market, technically strong market, technically weak market, tight market, wide market5) эк., амер. розничный магазин (обычно специализированный, напр., мясной, рыбный)6) эк., пол. рынок (принцип устройства экономической системы, предусматривающий свободное формирование цен под воздействием спроса и предложения)See:7) межд. эк. рынок (экономический союз нескольких стран, в основе которого лежит создание единого торгового пространства для товаров, услуг и факторов производства)ATTRIBUTES: common 1) а), single 2) а)
See:common market, single market, Andean Common Market, Arab Common Market, Central American Common Market, Central American Common Market, common market, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa2. гл.1) эк. продавать, реализовывать, распространятьto receive approval from X agency to market the product — получить разрешение от органа Х на распространение продукта
2) марк. осуществлять маркетинг, позиционировать, продвигатьE-mail is recognized as the easiest and cheapest way to market your organization, your programs, and your issues. — Электронная почта считается самым легким и недорогим способом продвижения [рекламирования\] вашей организации, ваших программ и вашей работы.
See:3. прил.1) эк. рыночныйAnt:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)See:market activity 1), market behaviour 2), market capitalism, 1), market competition, market conduct, market discipline, market economy, market exchange, market fundamentalism, market ideology, market mechanism, market mode of coordination, market order of worth, market political culture, market sector 3), market socialism, market system, market transactionSee:market absorption, market acceptance, market activity 2), market appraisal, market area, market attractiveness, market attrition, market audience, market basket, market behaviour 1), market breadth, market break, market breakdown, market cap, market capacity, market capitalization, market challenger, 2), market clearance 2), market clearing, market communications, market composition, market concentration, market condition, market conditions 2), market coverage, market decline, market definition, market demand, market depth, market disequilibrium, market dominance, market dynamics, market equilibrium, market expectation, market expectations, market failure, market focus, market follower, market form, market glut, market grade, 1), market growth, market homogeneity, market interest rate, market intermediary, market jitters, market leader, market leadership, market level 2), market maker, market making, market needs, market nicher, market organization, market out, market participant, market partnership, market pattern, market position, market potential, market power, market presence, market pressure, market price, market profile, market quality 2), market quotation, market rate, market rate of interest, market range, market reaction, market requirements, market resistance, market response, market return, market satisfaction, market saturation, market segment, market selection, market sensitivity, market sentiment, market share, market situation 1), market size, market stability, market standard, market standing, market structure, market supply, market tone, market trader, market trend, market undertone, market user, market value, market value added, market volume, market weight 2) Market EyeSee:market analysis, market analyst, market approach, market arbitrage, market audit, market average, market barrier, market build-up, market channel, market clearance 1), market closing, market conditions 1), market conversion price, market cycle, market data, market development, market discount, market entry, market evidence, market exit, market expansion, market experiment, market exploration, market exposure, market factor, market fluctuation, market fluctuations, market forces, market forecast, market forecasting, 2), market hours, market incentive, market index, market indicator, market information, market inroad, market intelligence, market interface, market investigation, market letter, market level 1), market liquidity, market manager, market mapping, market matching, market maximization, market model, market modification, market movement, market multiple, market niche, market node, market opening, market opportunity, market order, market orientation, market outlet, market penetration, market performance, market period, market plan, market planning, market portfolio, market positioning, market prognosis, market ratio, market report, market research, market researcher, market reversal, market review, market risk, market rollout, market sector 1), &2, market segmentation, market selectivity, market sharing, market signal, market situation 2), market skimming, market specialist, market specialization, market stimulant, market strategy, market study, market survey, market sweep, market target, market targeting, market test, market testing, market timer, market timing2) эк. товарный, рыночный ( предназначенный для продажи на рынке)market fish — товарная рыба, рыба для продажи
market stock — товарный скот, скот для продажи
market vegetables — товарные овощи, овощи для продажи
Syn:marketable 3)See:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)
* * *
market; Mkt; mart 1) рынок: организованная или неформальная система торговли товарами, услугами или финансовыми инструментами на основе четких правил (напр., фондовая биржа); 2) рыночные цены, состояние конъюнктуры; 3) совокупность людей или юридических лиц, предъявляющих текущий или потенциальный спрос на товары услуги; равнозначно спросу; 4) основные участники финансового рынка: дилеры, торгующие за свой счет, посредники и покупатели; 5) = marketplace; 6) рынок как столкновение спроса и предложения покупателей и продавцов, в результате которого определяется цена товара; 7) (to) продавать; см. marketing; 8) = market value; 9) "The Market"= Dow Jones Industrial Average.* * *рынок; рыночное хозяйство; рыночная экономика; рыночный механизм; спрос; конъюнктура. Как правило, употребляется применительно к фондовому рынку. 'Сегодня рынок упал' означает, что в этот день стоимость сделок на фондовом рынке снизилась . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *организованное собрание/встреча людей, на которой происходит торговля ценными бумагами-----территория, на которой встречаются продавцы и покупатели, чтобы обменяться тем, что представляет ценность-----конъюнктурный обзор; бюллетень о состоянии рынка -
17 protect
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -afu[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -afua[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -fuga[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -gadi[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -hami[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] amia, himaya, mahamia------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -hifadhi[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] hifadhi hadithi; hifadhi maziwa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -kaga[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] kago, ukago[Swahili Example] kaga shamba------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -ketisha[Part of Speech] verb[Class] causative[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -keti------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -kinga[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] kingio, kingo, mkinga, mkingaji, mkingamo, mkingiko, ukingo[English Example] l < strong>protect</strong> my eyes from the sun.[Swahili Example] ninaji< strong>kinga</strong> macho na jua------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -kingiza[Part of Speech] verb[Class] causative[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -kinga------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -linda[Part of Speech] verb[English Example] They began to build a large fort in order to protect the entrance to the harbor.[Swahili Example] Walianza kujenga ngome kubwa ili kuulinda mlango wa bandari msichana anayefikia hali ya kuwa mtu mzima [Masomo 141]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -nafidhi[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -nusuru[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -saidia[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -setiri[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] stara N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -sitiri[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] stara N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -stiri[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] stara N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -tunza[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -ziwia[Part of Speech] verb[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -zuia[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect[Swahili Word] -zuwia[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect (a field or garden from birds and animals)[Swahili Word] -amia[Part of Speech] verb[Note] Cf. mwamizi / also: '-hami, '-himaya------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect (against)[Swahili Word] -dhibiti[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect by charm (hence make inaccessible)[Swahili Word] -finga[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] uso umefinga na hasira zisizostahili zinamwenda [Moh]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect by charms[Swahili Word] -kaga[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect by magic (field or house)[Swahili Word] -finga[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] uso umefinga na hasira zisizostahili zinamwenda [Moh]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect each other[Swahili Word] -kingana[Part of Speech] verb[Class] reciprocal[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -kinga------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect from harm[Swahili Word] -tahadhari[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect oneself[Swahili Word] -jihifadhi[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect oneself[Swahili Word] -jikinga[Part of Speech] verb[Class] reflexive[Swahili Example] Tegemea alijaribu kujikinga kwa mikono [Kez], ili kujikinga na kitendo alichokiogopa [Sul]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect oneself[Swahili Word] -jilinda[Part of Speech] verb[Class] reflexive[Derived Word] lindo N, mlinzi N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect someone[Swahili Word] -tegemeza[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] tegemea V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protect someone or something by magic[Swahili Word] -kago[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] kaga, ukago------------------------------------------------------------ -
18 powerful
adjective1) (strong) stark; kräftig [Tritt, Schlag, Tier, Geruch, Körperbau]; heftig [Gefühl, Empfindung]; hell, strahlend [Licht]; scharf [Verstand, Geist]; überzeugend [Redner, Schauspieler]; eindringlich [Buch, Rede]; beeindruckend [Film, Darstellung]2) (influential); mächtig [Clique, Person, Herrscher]; wesentlich [Faktor]* * *adjective (having great strength, influence etc: a powerful engine; He's powerful in local politics.) mächtig* * *pow·er·ful[ˈpaʊəfəl, AM -ɚ-]\powerful arms/legs kräftige Arme/Beine\powerful voice kraftvolle Stimme3. (having physical effect) stark\powerful bite/blow kraftvoller [o kräftiger] Biss/Schlag\powerful drug starkes Medikament\powerful explosion heftige Explosion\powerful kick kräftiger [o heftiger] Tritt\powerful smell durchdringender Geruch\powerful storm/wind starker [o heftiger] Sturm/Wind4. (compelling) effect, influence stark\powerful argument schlagkräftiges [o überzeugendes] [o SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR a. schlagendes] Argument\powerful evidence überzeugender Beweis\powerful gaze fester [o durchdringender] Blick\powerful incentive [or stimulus] mächtiger [o starker] Anreizto have a \powerful presence eine starke Ausstrahlung haben5. (emotionally moving) mitreißend; literature, music also ausdrucksvoll; speech also bewegend; language, painting ausdrucksstark\powerful emotions starke [o überwältigende] Gefühle\powerful drama/novel packendes Drama/packender Roman6. TECH, TRANSP leistungsstark, leistungsfähig\powerful car/computer/motor leistungsfähiger Wagen/Computer/Motor\powerful light starkes [o helles] Licht7. (with high magnification) lens, microscope, telescope stark* * *['paUəfUl]adj1) (= influential) government, person mächtig, einflussreich2) (= strong) boxer, engine, drug, emotions, computer, evidence, influence, message stark; swimmer kraftvoll, stark; build, arm, kick, light kräftig; stroke, punch, detergent kraftvoll; bomb stark, zerstörerisch, von großer Durchschlagskraft; earthquake, storm stark, massiv; smell massiv, überwältigend; voice kräftig, kraftvoll3) (fig) speaker, actor mitreißend; music, film, performance ausdrucksvoll, mitreißend; argument durchschlagend, massiv (inf); salesman überzeugend4)a powerful lot of (dial) — ganz schön viel (inf), gehörig viel (inf)
* * *powerful [ˈpaʊə(r)fʊl] adj (adv powerfully)1. mächtig, einflussreich (Staat etc)2. kräftig (Schlag etc), stark (Medikament, Motor etc)3. durchschlagend, wirkungsvoll (Argument etc)4. wuchtig (Stil etc):powerful plot packende Handlung5. US dial groß:* * *adjective1) (strong) stark; kräftig [Tritt, Schlag, Tier, Geruch, Körperbau]; heftig [Gefühl, Empfindung]; hell, strahlend [Licht]; scharf [Verstand, Geist]; überzeugend [Redner, Schauspieler]; eindringlich [Buch, Rede]; beeindruckend [Film, Darstellung]2) (influential); mächtig [Clique, Person, Herrscher]; wesentlich [Faktor]* * *adj.gewaltig adj.kraftvoll adj.mächtig adj. -
19 method
метод; способ; средство; приём; технология; система; порядокconstant casing pressure method — метод борьбы с выбросом поддержанием постоянного давления в затрубном пространстве
displacement method of plugging — цементирование через заливочные трубы (без пробок, с вытеснением цементного раствора буровым)
gas-drive liquid propane method — процесс закачки в пласт газа под высоким давлением с предшествующим нагнетанием жидкого пропана
single core dynamic method — динамический метод определения относительной проницаемости по отдельному образцу
transient method of electrical prospecting — метод электроразведки, использующий неустановившиеся электрические явления
— colour band method
* * *
метод; способ; приёмbullhead well control method — способ глушения скважины с вытеснением пластового флюида в пласт из кольцевого пространства
constant bottomhole pressure well control method — способ глушения скважины при постоянном забойном давлении
driller's well control method — способ глушения скважины с раздельным удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора
one-circulation well control method — способ глушения скважины с одновременным удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора
reliability matrix index method — метод контроля за обеспечением надёжности путём задания показателей надёжности
two-circulation well control method — способ глушения скважины с разделёнными удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора
Vlugter method of structural group analysis — структурно-групповой метод анализа (углеводородов) по Флюгтеру
wait and weight well-control method — способ глушения скважины с одновременным удалением пластового флюида и сменой бурового раствора
* * *
метод, способ
* * *
метод; способ; приём- method of assurancemethod for determination relative water wettability — метод определения относительной водосмачиваемости ( пород);
- method of borehole section correlation
- method of calculating gas reserves
- method of circles
- method of defining petroleum reserves
- method of defining reserves
- method of determining static corrections
- method of drilling
- method of drilling with hydraulic turbine downhole motor
- method of drilling with hydraulic turbine downhole unit
- method of estimating reserves
- method of evaluating petroleum reserves
- method of formation
- method of formation damage analysis
- method of formation heterogeneity analysis
- method of formation nonuniformity analysis
- method of increasing oil mobility
- method of limiting well production rate
- method of liquid saturation determination
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure by air injection
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure by gas injection
- method of maintaining reservoir pressure by water injection
- method of measuring critical water saturation
- method of mirror
- method of operation
- method of planting
- method of sample taking
- method of sampling
- method of sharpening
- method of stimulating production
- method of strong formation explosions
- method of testing
- method of three coefficients
- airborne magnetometer method
- air-hammer drilling method
- airlift well operation method
- alcohol-slug method
- arc refraction method
- aromatic adsorption method
- average velocity method
- average velocity approximation method
- bailer method of cementing
- band method
- barrel per acre method
- Barthelmes method
- basic volume method of estimating reserves
- beam pumping well operation method
- blasthole method
- bomb method
- borderline method
- borehole method
- borehole wall consolidation method
- bottom-packer method
- bottom water isolation method
- bottom water shutoff method
- bottomhole pressure build-up method
- broadside refraction method
- cable tool percussion drilling method
- Cabot method
- building method
- bullhead well control method
- capillarimetric method for determination wettability
- carbonized water injection method
- casing method of cementing
- casing-pressure method
- catenary pipe laying method
- cementing method
- cetane test method
- charcoal method
- chemical method of borehole wall consolidation
- chemical method of borehole wall lining
- circulating method
- clean recirculation method
- cold method of oil fractionation
- combination drilling method
- common-depth-point method
- common-midpoint method
- common-reflection-point method
- compressional-wave method
- concurrent method
- concurrent method of well killing
- constant bottomhole pressure well control method
- constant casing pressure method
- constant pit level method
- continuous-correlation method
- continuous-profiling method
- controlled directivity reception method
- converted wave method
- copper dish method
- correlation method of refracted waves
- correlation refraction method
- countercirculation-wash-boring method
- crosshole method
- cube method
- curved-path method
- cyclic steam-soaking secondary oil recovery method
- cycloidal ray-path method
- cylinder method
- deep-hole method
- deep-refraction method
- delay-and-sum method
- derrick assembling method
- derrick erection method
- desalting method
- development method
- dewatering method
- diesel cetane method
- differential liberation method
- diffraction stack method
- dipole profiling method
- direct method of orientation
- directional survey method
- dispersed gas injection method
- displacement method of plugging
- distillation method
- distillation method of liquid saturation determination
- double control method
- downhole method
- downhole sucker-rod pump well operation method
- down-the-hole induced polarization method
- drill steam method of coke removal
- driller's method
- driller's well control method
- drilling method
- drilling-in method
- dual coil ratiometer method
- effusion method
- electrical method of geophysical prospecting
- electrical-audibility method
- electrical-exploration method
- electrical-logging method
- electrical-prospecting method
- electrical-sounding method
- electrical-surveying method
- electrochemical method of borehole wall consolidation
- electrochemical method of borehole wall lining
- electromagnetic method of orientation
- electromagnetic-exploration method
- electromagnetic-prospecting method
- electromagnetic-profiling method
- electromagnetic-sounding method
- electromagnetic-surveying method
- enhanced recovery method
- enriched gas injection method
- Eshka method
- evaporation method of measuring critical water saturation
- exploration method
- exploration prospecting survey method
- exploration seismic method
- explosion drilling method
- explosion seismic method
- express method
- express method of production calculation
- filter-and-sum method
- fire flooding method
- firing line method
- first-break method
- first-event method
- float-and-chains method
- float-on method
- formation evaluation method
- four-point control method
- fracture method
- freepoint-string shot method
- freezing method
- freezing point depression method
- from-bottom-upward method of derrick assembling
- from-top-downward method of derrick assembling
- frontal advance gas-oil displacement method
- Galician method
- gamma-ray method
- gas blow-around method
- gas-chromatography method
- gas-drive liquid propane method
- gaslift well operation method
- gas-production test method
- gas-recovery method
- geological petroleum exploration method
- geological petroleum prospecting method
- geophysical petroleum exploration method
- grasshopper pipeline coupling method
- gravity method of geophysical prospecting
- gravity exploration method
- heat injection secondary oil recovery method
- hectare method of estimating reserves
- hesitation method
- high-pressure dry gas injection method
- high-resolution method
- hit-and-miss method
- holoseismic method
- horizontal-loop method
- hot-water drive method
- hydraulic drilling method
- hydraulic fracturing method
- hydraulic hammer drilling method
- hydraulic jet drilling method
- hydrodynamic method of calculating oil production
- hydrodynamic drilling method
- ice-plug method
- image method
- indirect method of orientation
- induction logging method
- infiltration method
- injection flow method
- in-situ combustion method
- interval change method
- isolation method
- isoline method of reserves estimation
- Kiruna method
- knock intensity method
- lamp method
- lean mixture rating method
- liquid solvent injection method
- logging method
- long-hole method
- long-interval method
- long-wire transmitter method
- luminescent-bitumen method
- magnesium-hydroxide method
- magnetic method of geophysical prospecting
- magnetic-exploration method
- magnetic-flaw detection method
- magnetic-particle method
- magnetic-particle flaw detection method
- magnetoelectrical control method
- magnetometrical method
- magnetotelluric method
- magnetotelluric-exploration method
- magnetotelluric-sounding method
- maintenance method
- mercury injection method of measuring critical water saturation
- micrometric method of rock analysis
- microseismic method
- migration method
- mining method
- moving-plug method of cementing
- moving-source method
- mud-balance method
- mudcap method
- mudflush drilling method
- multiple detection method
- nonionic surfactant water solution injection method
- nonreplacement method
- Norwegian method
- oil drive method
- oil production method
- oil recovery method
- oil withdrawal method
- one-agent borehole wall consolidation method
- one-agent borehole wall lining method
- one-circulation well control method
- outage method
- oxygen-bomb method
- parabolic method
- passive method
- pattern method
- pattern-type gas injection method
- penetration method
- penetrating fluid method
- percussion method
- perforation method
- Perkins method
- phase-velocity method
- physicochemical method of borehole wall consolidation
- physicochemical method of borehole wall lining
- picric acid method
- pipe-bridge method
- pipe-driving method
- pipeline-assembly method
- pipeline-coupling method
- placement method
- plane front method
- plasma drilling method
- polarization method
- Poulter method
- pour point depression method
- pressure build-up method of formation damage analysis
- pressure build-up method of formation heterogeneity analysis
- pressure-drop method of estimating gas reserves
- primary oil recovery method
- probe method
- producing method
- producing well testing method
- production method
- production test method
- profiling method
- projected-vertical-plane method of orienting
- prospecting method
- pump-out method
- punching method
- radioactive method
- radioactive method of geophysical prospecting
- radio-direction-finder method
- ray-path method
- ray-stretching method
- ray-tracing method
- record presentation method
- recovery method
- rectilinear ray-path method
- reflection method
- reflection interpretation method
- refracted wave method
- refraction method
- refraction correlation method
- refraction interpretation method
- reliability method
- reliability matrix index method
- remedial cementing method
- replacement method
- repressuring method
- resistivity method
- restored-state method of measuring critical water saturation
- retort method of liquid saturation determination
- reversed refraction method
- ring-and-ball method
- rod tool percussion drilling method
- rodless pump well operation method
- roll-on method
- rope-and-drop pull method
- rotary drilling method
- rotation drilling method
- sampling method
- sand jet method
- saturation method
- saturation method of pore volume measurement
- secondary oil recovery method
- sectional method of pipeline assembly
- sectional pipe-coupling method
- sectorial pipe-coupling method
- sedimentology method of measuring particle size distribution
- seismic method
- seismic method of geophysical prospecting
- seismic-detection method
- seismic-exploration method
- seismic-identification method
- seismic-interpretation method
- seismic-reflection method
- seismic-refraction method
- self-potential method
- sequence firing method
- shear-wave method
- short-hole method
- shot-drilling method
- shot-popping method
- side-tracking method
- side-wall coring method
- single-core dynamic method
- single-fold continuous-coverage method
- slalom-line method
- small-bore deep-hole method
- soap suds method
- sounding method
- spontaneous polarization method
- squeeze cementing method
- squeezing method
- standardizing performance method
- standby method
- stationary liquid method of relative permeability determination
- statistical method of calculating oil production
- statistical method of estimating reserves
- steam oil drive method
- stepwise method of McCabe and Thiele
- stimulation method
- stove pipe method
- stove pipe flange method of rolling beams
- straight ray-path method
- subsurface method of geophysical prospecting
- suction method of cleaning
- summation method
- surface method of geophysical prospecting
- surface-wave method
- swabbing method
- swinging-gage method
- tertiary oil recovery method
- testing method
- thermal-acid formation treatment method
- thermal-recovery method
- thickened water injection method
- three-dimensional seismic method
- thumper method
- top-packer method
- towing method
- transient method of electrical prospecting
- transmitted wave method
- transposed method
- triaxial test method
- tubing method of cementing
- two-agent borehole wall consolidation method
- two-agent borehole wall lining method
- two-circulation well control method
- ultrasonic method
- ultrasonic flaw detection method
- variable-area method
- velocity-analysis method
- vertical loop method
- Vibroseis method
- Vlugter method of structural group analysis
- volume method of estimating reserves
- volume-statistical method of estimating reserves
- volume-weight method of estimating reserves
- volumetric method of estimating reserves
- volumetric-genetic method of estimating reserves
- wait-and-weight well-control method
- Walker's method
- wash-and-drive method
- washing method
- water flooding method
- water influx location method
- weathering computation method
- weight-drop method
- weight-saturation method
- well-casing method
- well-completion method
- well-control method
- well-drill method
- well-geophone method
- well-operation method
- well-shooting method
- well-testing method
- wireline method
- X-ray diffraction method* * * -
20 прочно
нареч. fast, fixedly, substantially, stronglyпрочн|о - solidly, firmly, securely;
~ устроиться establish one self firmly/securely;
строить ~ build* properly/solidly;
~ость ж. strength, cohesion;
(здания тж.) stability;
(одежды, обуви и т. п.) durability;
(знаний) soundness, reliability;
(дружбы) strength, stability;
~ый (крепкий) strong, durable;
(устойчивый) stable;
перен. enduring, lasting;
~ый фундамент solid/durable foundation;
~ая мебель substantial furniture;
~ая тара торг. strong packaging;
~ая обувь durable/strong shoes pl. ;
~ая материя durable cloth;
~ый мир lasting peace;
~ый союз stable alliance;
~ая семья united family;
~ые знания sound knowledge.
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См. также в других словарях:
build — build1 W1S1 [bıld] v past tense and past participle built [bılt] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(make something)¦ 2¦(make something develop)¦ 3 be built of something 4¦(feeling)¦ 5 build bridges Phrasal verbs build something around something build… … Dictionary of contemporary English
build — buildable, adj. /bild/, v., built or (Archaic) builded; building; n. v.t. 1. to construct (esp. something complex) by assembling and joining parts or materials: to build a house. 2. to establish, increase, or strengthen (often fol. by up): to… … Universalium
build — [[t]bɪld[/t]] v. built, build•ing, n. 1) to construct (esp. something complex) by assembling and joining parts or materials 2) to establish, increase, or strengthen (often fol. by up): to build a business[/ex] 3) to mold, form, or create: to… … From formal English to slang
strong — strong, stout, sturdy, stalwart, tough, tenacious can all mean having or manifesting great power or force (as in acting or resisting). Strong, the most inclusive of these terms, fundamentally implies the possession of great physical power and may … New Dictionary of Synonyms
Strong AI — For John Searle s Strong AI hypothesis, see Philosophy of artificial intelligence Strong AI is artificial intelligence that matches or exceeds human intelligence the intelligence of a machine that can successfully perform any intellectual task… … Wikipedia
build — [[t]bɪ̱ld[/t]] ♦ builds, building, built 1) VERB If you build something, you make it by joining things together. [V n] Developers are now proposing to build a hotel on the site... [V n] The house was built in the early 19th century … English dictionary
build — 1 /bIld/ verb past tense and past participle built /bIlt/ 1 MAKE STH (I, T) to make something, especially a building or something large: Are they going to build on this land? | build sb sth: Nick said he d build us a fitted wardrobe. 2 MAKE STH… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
strong — 01. Her dad has really [strong] arms from working on a farm all his life. 02. Elaine likes her coffee very [strong] and very hot. 03. This beer is quite [strong], over 8 percent, so don t drink too fast. 04. The windows shook in the [strong]… … Grammatical examples in English
build — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun ADJECTIVE ▪ average, medium ▪ lean (esp. AmE), slender, slight, slim, small, thin ▪ … Collocations dictionary
strong — adj. VERBS ▪ be, feel, look ▪ become, get, grow ▪ remain, stay ▪ … Collocations dictionary
stocky build — strong structure of the body … English contemporary dictionary
